Evolvability and divergence rates in the evolution of Homo Sapiens

Nuria Lopez-Bigas^1*, Subhajyoti De² & Sarah A. Teichmann²

• ¹ Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 88 Dr. Aiguader, Barcelona, Spain
• ² Structural Studies Division MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Hills Rd, Cambridge, UK
• ^* Corresponding author

Abstract

Protein-coding regions in a genome evolve by sequence divergence and gene gain and loss, altering the gene content of the organism. However, it is not well understood how this has given rise to the enormous diversity of metazoa present today. In order to gain a global view of human and metazoan genomic evolution, we quantify the divergence of proteins by functional category at different evolutionary distances from human. This analysis reveals a dynamic picture of selective forces at short, medium and long evolutionary timescales, and shows that morphological changes in metazoa have been driven by variation in regulatory rather than enzymatic and structural genes. This framework for a grammar of metazoan evolution supports previously postulated theories of robustness and evolvability.

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